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Iran is now at the centre of one of the most intense protest waves in nearly half a century, a storm that began in late December 2025 over deep-rooted economic pain.
Runaway inflation, a collapsing currency, and years of stagnating wages ignited demonstrations that first surfaced among bazaar traders before spreading rapidly to students, factory workers, and ordinary citizens across all 31 provinces.
What began as an economic outcry has since evolved into something broader and more volatile: a nationwide challenge to clerical authority.
Estimating the human cost of this unrest has proven almost impossible. There is no single agreed death toll. Iranian authorities have released no comprehensive figures, while widespread internet and communications blackouts have crippled independent…